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Version: 0.0.2

Syntax Basics

This page documents the core language syntax of RayQuiro 0.0.2.

Source Files​

The current source extension is:

.rq

Examples:

main.rq
hello.rq
game.rq

Comments​

Single-line comments​

// this is a comment
print("hello");

Block comments​

/*
  multi-line comment
*/
print("hello");

Strings​

Normal strings​

var name = "RayQuiro";

Supported escape sequences in normal strings:

  • \n
  • \t
  • \"
  • \\

Triple-quoted multiline strings​

0.0.2 also supports triple-quoted strings:

var html = """
<section class="hero">
  <h1>RayQuiro</h1>
</section>
""";

This is especially useful with web.html(...).

Numbers​

RayQuiro supports integer-like and decimal numeric literals:

var a = 12;
var b = 3.14;

Booleans And Null​

var online = true;
var done = false;
var value = null;

Variables​

var​

Mutable binding:

var score = 0;
score = score + 1;

let​

Read-only binding:

let title = "RayQuiro";

Functions​

Declare functions with fn:

fn greet(name) {
    return "Hello, " + name;
}

Multiple parameters are supported:

fn mix(a, b, c) {
    return a + b + c;
}

Statements​

RayQuiro supports:

  • variable declarations
  • function declarations
  • expression statements
  • if
  • while
  • for
  • return
  • break
  • continue
  • block statements with { ... }

if / else​

if (score > 10) {
    print("High score");
} else {
    print("Keep going");
}

while​

var i = 0;
while (i < 5) {
    print(i);
    i = i + 1;
}

for​

RayQuiro 0.0.2 uses a C-style for loop:

for (var i = 0; i < 5; i = i + 1) {
    print(i);
}

You can omit parts:

var i = 0;
for (; i < 3; i = i + 1) {
    print(i);
}

Arrays And Indexing​

Array literals use square brackets:

var items = [1, 2, 3];
var color = [98, 204, 255, 255];

Indexing also uses square brackets:

print(items[0]);

The same syntax works with string indexing:

print("Ray"[0]);

Values returned from json.parse(...) can also be indexed like object-style maps:

var info = json.parse("{\"name\":\"RayQuiro\"}");
print(info["name"]);

Operators​

Arithmetic​

  • +
  • -
  • *
  • /
  • %

Comparison​

  • ==
  • !=
  • <
  • <=
  • >
  • >=

Logical​

  • !
  • &&
  • ||

Assignment​

  • =

Truthiness​

The interpreter treats these values as false:

  • null
  • false
  • 0
  • empty string
  • empty array
  • empty object-like runtime value

Everything else is considered true.

Logging Shortcut​

RayQuiro accepts a log-style statement form:

log.info => "Hello";

This prints through the same output path as print(...).

Semicolons​

Use semicolons consistently:

var name = "RayQuiro";
print(name);

Core Built-In Functions​

print(...values)​

Prints values separated by spaces.

len(value)​

Returns the length of:

  • a string
  • an array
  • an object-like runtime value

str(value)​

num(value)​

bool(value)​

type(value)​

Basic conversion and introspection helpers.

range(end)​

range(start, end)​

range(start, end, step)​

Creates an array of numbers.

push(array, value)​

pop(array)​

Array helpers.

join(array, separator)​

split(text, separator)​

String and array conversion helpers.

upper(text)​

lower(text)​

trim(text)​

replace(text, needle, replacement)​

slice(value, start, end)​

String and collection helpers.

floor(number)​

ceil(number)​

round(number)​

min(a, b, ...)​

max(a, b, ...)​

clamp(value, minValue, maxValue)​

Numeric helpers.

sleep(milliseconds)​

clock.ms()​

General runtime timing helpers.

random()​

random(max)​

random(min, max)​

random.int()​

random.int(max)​

random.int(min, max)​

Random number helpers.

Example​

var nums = range(1, 6);
push(nums, 9);

print("len:", len(nums));
print("joined:", join(nums, ", "));
print("slice:", slice(nums, 1, 4));
print("contains 3:", contains(nums, 3));
print("random:", random(10, 20));
print("dice:", random.int(1, 6));